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Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007) - Tuvalu (2005)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007) z Tuvalu (2005)

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007)Tuvalu (2005)
 Saint Pierre and MiquelonTuvalu
Administrative divisions none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order none
Age structure 0-14 years: 23% (male 827/female 790)


15-64 years: 65.9% (male 2,352/female 2,288)


65 years and over: 11.1% (male 359/female 420) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 30.8% (male 1,823/female 1,756)


15-64 years: 64.2% (male 3,620/female 3,847)


65 years and over: 5.1% (male 229/female 361) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish coconuts; fish
Airports 2 (2007) 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
-
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
total: 26 sq km


land: 26 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years.
Birth rate 13.08 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 21.91 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million (1996 est.)
revenues: $22.5 million


expenditures: $11.2 million, including capital expenditures of $4.2 million (2000 est.)
Capital name: Saint-Pierre


geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W


time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Funafuti; note - administrative offices are located in Vaiaku Village on Fongafale Islet
Climate cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Coastline 120 km 24 km
Constitution 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) 1 October 1978
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Tuvalu


former: Ellice Islands


note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands
Death rate 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 7.22 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $NA NA
Dependency status self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US - the country's only diplomatic post is in Fiji - Tuvalu does, however, have a UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, New York 10017, telephone: [1] (212) 490-0534
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient approximately $60 million in annual grants from France $13 million; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.)
Economy - overview The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. France heavily subsidizes the islands to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu because of payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for "900" lines and in 2000, from the lease of its ".tv" Internet domain name. Royalties from these new technology sources could increase substantially over the next decade. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and income from overseas investments.
Electricity - consumption 46.5 million kWh (2005) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) -
Electricity - production 50 million kWh (2005) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Environment - current issues recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002) Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Yves FAUQUEUR (since 28 August 2006)


head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 April 2002 (first round) and 5 May 2002 (second round) (next to be held in 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Filoimea TELITO (since 15 April 2005)


head of government: Prime Minister Maatia TOAFA (since 11 October 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held following parliamentary elections in 2006)


election results: Saufatu SOPOANGA resigned parliamentary seat on 27 August 2004 following no-confidence vote on 25 August 2004; succeeded by Deputy Prime Minister Maatia TOAFA in an acting capacity on 27 August 2004; Maatia TOAFA confirmed Prime Minister in a Parliamentary election (8-7 vote) on 11 October 2004
Exports NA bbl/day $1 million f.o.b. (2002)
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts copra, fish
Exports - partners Spain 33.6%, Belgium 21.8%, India 18.3%, France 9.4%, US 7.5% (2006) Germany 56.5%, Fiji 14.3%, Italy 10.9%, UK 7.7%, Poland 4.9% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 50 N, 56 20 W 8 00 S, 178 00 E
Geography - note vegetation scanty one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon
Highways - total: 8 km


paved: 0 km


unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports NA bbl/day $79 million c.i.f. (2002)
Imports - commodities meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods
Imports - partners France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2006) Fiji 50.2%, Japan 18.1%, Australia 9.6%, China 8%, New Zealand 5.5% (2004)
Independence none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) 1 October 1978 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism fishing, tourism, copra
Infant mortality rate total: 7.21 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total: 20.03 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 22.9 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 17.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 8.1% (2005) 5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation UPU, WFTU ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, IFRCS (observer), IMO, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Irrigated land NA NA
Judicial branch Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)
Labor force 3,450 (2005) 7,000 (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 18%


industry: 41%


services: 41% (1996 est.)
people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 12.5%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 87.5% (2005)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages French (official) Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Legal system the laws of France, where applicable, apply NA
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats, 15 from Saint Pierre and four from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2012)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AD 16, Cap sur l'Avenir 2, SPM Ensemble 1


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect one seat to the French Senate; elections last held 26 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2013); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects one seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1
unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 25 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth total population: 78.76 years


male: 76.41 years


female: 81.23 years (2007 est.)
total population: 68.01 years


male: 65.79 years


female: 70.33 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)
definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Map references North America Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 54,993 GRT/86,048 DWT


by type: cargo 20, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 2


foreign-owned: 16 (China 9, Germany 2, Hong Kong 4, Thailand 1) (2005)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - no regular military forces; national police force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Nationality noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French
noun: Tuvaluan(s)


adjective: Tuvaluan
Natural hazards persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports fish
Net migration rate -4.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM; Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings
Political pressure groups and leaders NA none
Population 7,036 (July 2007 est.) 11,636 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA
Population growth rate 0.128% (2007 est.) 1.47% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors - Funafuti
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Religions Roman Catholic 99%, other 1% Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.047 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.028 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.855 male(s)/female


total population: 1.011 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system
general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications


domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands


international: country code - 688; international calls can be made by satellite
Telephones - main lines in use 4,800 (2002) 700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 0 (2004)
Television broadcast stations 0 (2 repeaters rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997) 0 (2004)
Terrain mostly barren rock very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Total fertility rate 2 children born/woman (2007 est.) 3 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 10.3% (1999) NA%
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